One of the priorities of assessment of early pregnancy symptoms of pain and bleeding is to exclude an ectopic pregnancy, as it can result in loss of life. Traditionally, a history of pain disproportionate to bleeding with signs of pain on vaginal examination (cervical excitation) or reduced blood volume (hypovolaemia) will lead to a laparoscopy (See Gynaesurgeon.co.uk - Laparoscopy) to diagnose and treat the ectopic pregnancy. Over the last ten years, the introduction of routine transvaginal scanning, rapid serum HCG estimation, combined with advances in laparoscopic surgery, has led to a major change in the way that we diagnose and treat ectopic pregnancy.
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Early
pregnancy assessment -
Background,
Investigation, Ultrasound,
HCG, Treatment
Early
Pregnancy Problems -
Introduction, Bleeding
in early pregnancy, Miscarriage
